Avaya Configuring IP Utilities Bedienungsanleitung Seite 61
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TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, NTP, and NetBIOS over IP Concepts
117358-A Rev. A 2-15
NTP Overview
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronizes the timing of internal clocks of
various internet devices across large, diverse networks to universal standard time.
NTP runs over UDP, which in turn runs over IP. The NTP protocol specification is
documented in RFC 1305.
Each internet device on the network contains an internal system clock that is used
to maintain accurate time for the internet device. The internal system clock on
most local devices is set by eye or by wristwatch to within a minute or two of the
actual time and is rarely reset at regular intervals. Many of these clocks are
battery-backed devices that use room temperature clock oscillators that can drift
as much as several seconds each day. NTP solves this problem by automatically
adjusting the time of the internet devices so they are synchronized within
milliseconds.
The current implementation of NTP supports only NTP Client mode. In this
mode, the local NTP client, which runs on a router, accepts time information from
other remote time servers and adjusts its clock accordingly. However, the NTP
local client will not attempt to synchronize another device’s clock.
Understanding NTP Terminology
An NTP peer can be any Internet device that runs NTP software. However, the
current implementation of NTP refers to peers as remote time servers that provide
time information to other time servers on the internet and to the local NTP client.
An NTP client refers to the local internet device -- in this case a router -- that
accepts time information from other remote time servers.
NTP System Implementation Model
NTP is based on a hierarchical model that consists of a local NTP client, which
runs on the router, and a number of remote time servers. The NTP client sends
requests for time information (NTP messages) to and receives time information
from one or more remote time servers on the Internet. The local NTP client
reviews the time information from all available time servers and synchronizes its
internal clock to the time servers whose time is most accurate. The NTP client
does not forward time information to other internet devices running NTP.
- Configuring IP Utilities 1
- Contents 5
- 117358-A Rev. A 10
- About This Guide 17
- Before You Begin 18
- Conventions 18
- Acronyms 19
- Bay Networks Customer Service 20
- How to Get Help 21
- Chapter 1 23
- NetBIOS over IP Services 24
- 1-4 117358-A Rev. A 26
- Starting Configuration Tools 27
- 117358-A Rev. A 1-7 29
- Starting TCP Services 30
- Starting FTP Services 32
- Disabling and Enabling FTP 33
- Starting TFTP Services 35
- Starting Telnet Services 37
- 1-18 117358-A Rev. A 40
- Starting NTP Services 42
- Starting NetBIOS over IP 44
- 1-24 117358-A Rev. A 46
- Chapter 2 47
- TCP, FTP, TFTP, Telnet 47
- TCP Features 48
- How TCP Works 48
- 2-4 117358-A Rev. A 50
- (continued) 51
- TCP and IP Service Users 52
- FTP Overview 53
- How FTP Works 54
- Networks routers 55
- TFTP Overview 56
- Telnet Overview 57
- How Telnet Works 58
- Figure 2-3. Telnet Server 59
- 2-14 117358-A Rev. A 60
- Figure 2-4. Telnet Client 60
- NTP Overview 61
- Understanding NTP Terminology 61
- 2-16 117358-A Rev. A 62
- 117358-A Rev. A 2-17 63
- NTP Modes of Operation 64
- 117358-A Rev. A 2-19 65
- NetBIOS Overview 66
- NetBIOS in an IP Environment 67
- 117358-A Rev. A 2-23 69
- 2-24 117358-A Rev. A 70
- Chapter 3 71
- Customizing TCP Services 71
- Chapter 4 77
- Customizing FTP Services 77
- Chapter 5 87
- Customizing TFTP Services 87
- Using BCC 89
- Chapter 6 93
- Technician Interface Console 99
- Pausing Telnet Console Output 100
- Using Site Manager 101
- Using the BCC 101
- Changing the Login Timeout 102
- Changing the Password Timeout 103
- Changing the Command Timeout 104
- Changing Login Retries 106
- Customizing Telnet Services 107
- Configuring IP Utilities 108
- 6-16 117358-A Rev. A 108
- Enabling Diagnostic PTY Data 109
- Changing the History File 110
- Changing the Remote Port 114
- Changing the Command Prompt 115
- prompt system1 116
- Chapter 7 117
- Customizing NTP Services 117
- Disabling and Reenabling NTP 118
- Adding Remote Time Servers 120
- Setting Config Peer Mode 122
- Setting Local Host Mode 123
- Specifying Peer Preference 125
- 7-10 117358-A Rev. A 126
- 7-12 117358-A Rev. A 128
- 7-14 117358-A Rev. A 130
- Chapter 8 131
- Customizing NetBIOS over IP 131
- 8-2 117358-A Rev. A 132
- Configuring a NetBIOS Cache 133
- 8-4 117358-A Rev. A 134
- Aging a Cache Entry 136
- Customizing a Cache Search 138
- 8-10 117358-A Rev. A 140
- 8-12 117358-A Rev. A 142
- 8-14 117358-A Rev. A 144
- Supplying a Scope Identifier 146
- 8-18 117358-A Rev. A 148
- Appendix A 149
- Parameter Descriptions 149
- TCP Global Parameters 150
- FTP Global Parameters 152
- 154
- 154
- TFTP Parameters 155
- A-8 117358-A Rev. A 156
- 157
- A-12 117358-A Rev. A 160
- A-16 117358-A Rev. A 164
- NTP Global Parameters 165
- A-18 117358-A Rev. A 166
- 167
- A-20 117358-A Rev. A 168
- NetBIOS Global Parameters 170
- A-24 117358-A Rev. A 172
- A-28 117358-A Rev. A 176
- IP Accounting Parameters 177
- A-30 117358-A Rev. A 178
- Appendix B 179
- Site Manager Default Settings 179
- FTP Parameters 180
- Telnet Parameters 181
- NTP Parameters 182
- NetBIOS over IP Parameters 183
- Appendix C 185
- C-2 117358-A Rev. A 186
- Specifying the Policy Action 187
- Specifying the IP Service 188
- Specifying the Precedence 189
- Appendix D 191
- Configuring IP Accounting on 191
- Accounting table 192
- (continued) 193
- D-4 117358-A Rev. A 194
- Index-4 117358-A Rev. A 198
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