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P0910464 Issue 01 Enterprise Edge Networking Operations Guide

Glossary

Term Definition

address A unique identifier assigned to networks and stations that allows each

device to receive and reply to messages.

API An application program interface (API) is the specific method

prescribed by a computer operating system or by another application

program that a programmer uses when writing an application

program. The API is used to make requests of the operating system or

another application.

An API can be contrasted with a graphical user interface or a

command interface (both of which are direct user interfaces) as

interfaces to an operating system or a program.

ARP The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol for mapping an

IP address to a physical machine address that is recognized in the

local network. For example, in IP Version 4, an address is 32 bits

long. In an Ethernet local area network, however, addresses for

attached devices are 48 bits long. The physical machine address is

also known as a Media Access Control or MAC address. A table,

usually called the ARP cache, is used to maintain a correlation

between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address. ARP

provides the protocol rules for making this correlation and providing

address conversion in both directions.

asynchronous A method of transmission where the time intervals between characters

are not required to be equal and signals are sourced from independent

clocks with different frequencies and phase relationships. Start and

stop bits may be added to coordinate character transfer.

baud The signaling rate of a line. The baud rate is the number of voltage or

frequency transitions per second.

CHAP The Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is a

method of establishing security on PPP links where the peers must

share a plain text identifier. The caller sends a challenge message to

its receiving peer and the receiver responds with a value it calculates

based on the identifier. The first peer then matches the response with

its own calculation. If the values match, the link is established.

CHAP is a more secure procedure for connecting to a system than the

Password Authentication Procedure (PAP).

client A client is a computer system or process that requests a service of

another computer system or process. A workstation requesting the

contents of a file from a file server is a client of the file server.

dial-up connection A dial-up connection is a temporary, as opposed to dedicated,

connection between computers established over an analog or digital

phone line.

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