Avaya Configuring IP Utilities Bedienungsanleitung Seite 33
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TCP, FTP, Telnet, and NTP Concepts
114071 Rev. A 2-3
Table 2-1. TCP Reliability Features
Feature Description
Sequence
numbers
TCP assigns a sequence number to each data segment it
transmits. The receiving host uses the sequence numbers to
make sure that all the data arrives in order.
TCP assigns sequence numbers on a per-octet basis, so the
value in this field is actually the sequence number of the first octet
of the user data.
Out-of-order
caching
As TCP receives data segments, it puts them in sequential order
and forwards them to the receiving TCP client. If TCP fails to
receive one or more segments and cannot complete the
sequential ordering, it stores the remaining segments in cache
memory for as long as the TCP connection exists. When TCP
receives the missing segments, it takes the stored segments from
cache memory, puts them into sequential order with the newly
received segments, and then forwards them to the receiving TCP
client. Out-of-order caching ensures that data arrives in the
correct order while saving bandwidth and retransmission time.
Checksums To ensure the integrity of the data, the sending host adds a
checksum to each segment it transmits. The receiving host
recalculates the checksum, and if there is damage, discards the
segment.
Flow control Flow control allows the receiving host to regulate how much data
is sent to it. To activate flow control, the receiving host advertises
a
window
that indicates how much data it can accept. When the
transmit window is full, the sending host must stop sending data
until the receiving host can open the window again. To control the
rate of data transfer on your TCP connections, you can specify
the maximum window size allowed for each connection.
Acknowledgment
with
retransmission
TCP requires the receiving host to acknowledge that it has
received the data. If the sending host does not receive an
acknowledgment within a set timeout interval, the sending station
retransmits the data. TCP determines the timeout interval by
estimating the average time it takes to send a segment and
receive an acknowledgment for it.
- Configuring IP Utilities 1
- Bay Networks Software License 3
- Contents 5
- 114071 Rev. A vii 7
- 114071 Rev. A ix 9
- 114071 Rev. A xi 11
- 114071 Rev. A xiii 13
- About This Guide 15
- Before You Begin 16
- Conventions 16
- Acronyms 17
- 114071 Rev. A 18
- 114071 Rev. A xix 19
- Bay Networks Customer Service 20
- World Wide Web 21
- Customer Service FTP 21
- Support Source CD 22
- CompuServe 22
- InfoFACTS 23
- How to Get Help 23
- Chapter 1 25
- Configuring IP on a Circuit 26
- Starting TCP 26
- Starting FTP 27
- Starting Telnet 28
- Starting NTP 29
- Where to Go Next 30
- Chapter 2 31
- How TCP Works 32
- TCP Features 32
- 2-4 114071 Rev. A 34
- (continued) 35
- TCP0001A 36
- FTP Overview 37
- TCP0002A 38
- Networks routers 39
- Telnet Overview 40
- TCP0005A 42
- NTP Overview 43
- NTP Architecture 43
- TCP0007A 44
- NTP Client Modes 45
- Unicast Client Mode 45
- TCP0006A 46
- Chapter 3 49
- Customizing TCP Services 49
- Configuring TCP on the Router 50
- Chapter 4 53
- Customizing FTP Services 53
- 4-2 114071 Rev. A 54
- Chapter 5 57
- Customizing Telnet Services 57
- 5-2 114071 Rev. A 58
- 5-4 114071 Rev. A 60
- 5-6 114071 Rev. A 62
- Chapter 6 65
- Customizing NTP Services 65
- Configuring NTP on the Router 66
- Adding Time Servers 67
- Setting Config Peer Mode 67
- Setting Local Host Mode 68
- Specifying Peer Preference 68
- Configuring NTP Access Control 69
- Appendix A 71
- Parameter Descriptions 71
- TCP Global Parameters 72
- FTP Global Parameters 74
- 76
- 76
- 77
- A-10 114071 Rev. A 80
- A-14 114071 Rev. A 84
- NTP Global Parameters 85
- A-16 114071 Rev. A 86
- 87
- A-18 114071 Rev. A 88
- Appendix B 91
- Site Manager Default Settings 91
- FTP Parameters 92
- Telnet Parameters 93
- NTP Parameters 94
- 114071 Rev. A Index-1 95
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