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1-1
Chapter 1
IP Concepts, Terminology, and Features
The following sections introduce concepts and terminology used in this manual:
• IP Router Functions - page 1-1
• IP Datagrams - page 1-2
• IP Addresses - page 1-3
• Autonomous Systems and Routing Protocols - page 1-8
• Route Preferences - page 1-11
• Route Weights - page 1-12
• IP Routing Policies and Filters - page 1-14
• IP Traffic Filters - page 1-15
• RFC Compliance - page 1-15
IP Router Functions
An IP (Internet Protocol) router performs three basic functions:
• Acquires knowledge of other routers and hosts on the network
IP routers use routing protocols — for example, OSPF and BGP — to learn
transmission paths (or routes) to other networks and to hosts residing on
networks directly connected to the router.
• Stores network topology information about transmission paths in routing
tables
• Selects the best path, based on the information in its routing tables, for a
particular
datagram
(a self-contained unit of data) to reach its destination
- Configuring IP Services 1
- Bay Networks Software License 3
- About This Guide 5
- Software Suites 6
- Audience 7
- CompuServe 8
- InfoFACTS 8
- How to Get Help 9
- Conventions 10
- Acronyms 11
- Chapter 1 13
- IP Datagrams 14
- IP Addresses 15
- Subnet Addressing 16
- (continued) 19
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 22
- Route Preferences 23
- Route Weights 24
- IP Traffic Filters 27
- RFC Compliance 27
- Chapter 2 29
- Configuring IP Interfaces 30
- Multinet Interfaces 31
- Next-hop address 0 33
- Next-hop mask equals 0 33
- Subnet Broadcast Addresses 35
- Proxy ARP 38
- Inverse ARP 39
- HP Probe 39
- Security Label Format 45
- How RIPSO Works on the Router 46
- Inbound IP Datagrams 47
- Forwarded IP Datagrams 48
- Originated IP Datagrams 48
- Unlabeled IP Datagrams 48
- RIPSO Example 49
- Defining a Static Route 50
- BFE Addressing 53
- IP over ATM 57
- Configuring Host-Only Mode 58
- Editing IP Parameters 59
- Editing IP Global Parameters 80
- finished 81
- Deleting IP from an Interface 89
- Configuring Static Routes 91
- Editing a Static Route 92
- Deleting a Static Route 96
- Adding an Adjacent Host 97
- Configuring IP Services 100
- Editing TFTP Parameters 101
- Configuring RIPSO Support 104
- Configuring Router Discovery 114
- (continued) 119
- Settings 121
- Chapter 3 123
- Configuring RIP Services 123
- Sending RIP Updates 124
- Sending Triggered Updates 125
- Receiving RIP Updates 126
- Configuring RIP Services 127
- Setting RIP Timers 128
- Enabling RIP2 Authentication 128
- Specifying the RIP Diameter 129
- Editing RIP Parameters 129
- Configuring RIP on the Router 130
- RIP Parameter Descriptions 131
- Chapter 4 139
- Configuring OSPF Services 139
- Specifying Network Types 141
- Configuring OSPF Services 143
- Establishing Adjacencies 144
- Dividing an AS into Areas 145
- Configuring a Border Router 148
- Configuring a Boundary Router 152
- Figure 4-6. OSPF ASE Routes 154
- Configuring Cost Metrics 156
- Table 4-1. OSPF Area Routers 159
- OSPF Implementation Notes 160
- Editing OSPF Parameters 161
- Configuring OSPF on the Router 162
- Editing an OSPF Interface 165
- Example: 178
- Editing OSPF Area Parameters 182
- Adding an Area 183
- Editing an Area 184
- Deleting an Area 186
- Adding a Range to an Area 187
- Editing an Area’s Range 190
- Deleting a Range from an Area 192
- Editing a Neighbor 195
- Deleting a Neighbor 196
- Adding a Virtual Interface 198
- Editing a Virtual Interface 199
- Deleting a Virtual Interface 203
- Chapter 5 205
- Configuring BGP Services 205
- BGP Features 206
- Configuring BGP Services 207
- Configuring BGP on the Router 208
- Selecting the BGP Version 208
- Initiating a Connection 210
- Negotiating a Connection 211
- Keeping the Connection Alive 212
- Terminating a Connection 212
- BGP Messages 213
- Keepalive Message 214
- Update Message 214
- BGP-3 Update Message Format 215
- BGP-4 Update Message Format 216
- . (dot or period) 218
- Notification Message 219
- How BGP Selects the Best Path 221
- Routing Policies 222
- OSPF/BGP Interaction 224
- Using IBGP in a Transit AS 225
- BGP Implementation Notes 227
- Editing BGP Parameters 228
- Editing BGP Global Parameters 232
- Adding a BGP Peer 242
- Deleting a BGP Peer 251
- Generating BGP Event Messages 256
- Click on Add 257
- Deleting BGP from the Router 259
- 2. Click on OK 260
- Chapter 6 261
- Configuring EGP Services 261
- Running RIP 262
- Neighbor Acquisition Phase 263
- Configuring EGP Services 265
- Neighbor Reachability Phase 266
- Router A 268
- Router B 268
- Network Reachability Phase 269
- EGP Implementation Notes 271
- Editing EGP Parameters 272
- Configuring EGP on the Router 273
- Configuring EGP Neighbors 275
- 3. Click on EGP Neighbor 276
- Adding an EGP Neighbor 277
- Editing an EGP Neighbor 279
- Deleting an EGP Neighbor 281
- Deleting EGP from the Router 282
- Chapter 7 283
- Configuring IP Multicasting 283
- Host Groups 284
- How IGMP Works 285
- Configuring IP Multicasting 287
- Figure 7-1. Multicast Routers 287
- Advertising a Route 289
- Creating a Shortest-Path Tree 289
- Identifying a Leaf Network 290
- Pruning a Shortest-Path Tree 290
- Aging a Route 291
- Specifying a Threshold 291
- Types of Multicast Support 293
- Adding a DVMRP Tunnel 308
- 3. Click on Save 312
- Chapter 8 317
- Configuring NetBIOS over IP 317
- Overview of NetBIOS Services 318
- Configuring NetBIOS over IP 319
- Aging a Cache Entry 323
- Customizing a Cache Search 323
- Editing NetBIOS Parameters 325
- NetBIOS Global Parameters 327
- Chapter 9 339
- Configuring IP Policies 339
- Figure 9-1. IP Routing Table 340
- Configuring IP Policies 341
- Configuring Accept Policies 343
- Configuring Announce Policies 359
- Chapter 10 385
- 2. Click on Edit 394
- OSPF Route Filters 395
- 3. Click on OK 401
- BGP-3 Route Filters 405
- EGP Route Filters 418
- Appendix A 429
- Site Manager Default Settings 429
- Table A-5. IP Static Routes 432
- Table A-6. TFTP Parameters 432
- Table A-8. RIPSO Parameters 433
- NetBIOS over IP 435
- BGP Parameters 436
- EGP Parameters 438
- OSPF Parameters 439
- Appendix B 443
- Route Weight Worksheet 443
- Appendix C 447
- IP/OSPF Configuration 447
- IP/OSPF Configuration 449
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